The ಆಕರ ದಾಖಲೆ
Every figure this site prints, traced to the body that issued it and the year it was issued. A reference range without both of those is not a reference range.
How to read this register
What is on this page, and what is not
Every entry below is a publication this site actually copies a number from. There is nothing here for decoration: if a document is listed, a figure on some page of this site came out of it, and the ದತ್ತಾಂಶ & ವಿಧಾನ page says which figure.
There is no medical reviewer in this register, because no clinician has reviewed this site. Sites in this subject routinely print a reviewer line; some of those reviews are real and many are decorative. The absence of one here is deliberate, and it is why the register exists instead — you can check the source rather than trust a badge.
Where two bodies disagree, both appear. Where nobody has published, the page carries a blank instead of a number.
Reference ranges
Diagnostic cut-points for blood glucose
Two bodies publish, separately, and they are shown separately on every page of this site. Neither has been adjusted, blended or re-based.
| Publication | Issuing body | Issued | What it is used for here |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADA Standards of Care | American Diabetes Association | 2025 | Fasting, 2-hour, HbA1c and random cut-points for non-pregnant adults |
| NIDDK (NIH) | NIDDK, National Institutes of Health (US) | current edition | Public restatement of the ADA cut-points, used as a cross-check |
| WHO/IDF 2006 | World Health Organization / International Diabetes Federation | 2006 | Fasting and 2-hour cut-points; impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance |
| WHO 2011 | World Health Organization | 2011 | The WHO position on HbA1c as a diagnostic test |
| WHO 2013 (pregnancy) | World Health Organization | 2013 | Every threshold on the pregnancy page |
Full citation: American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes — Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2025;48(Suppl. 1):S27–S49.
Full citation: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health — Diabetes Tests & Diagnosis.
Full citation: World Health Organization / International Diabetes Federation. Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycaemia: report of a WHO/IDF consultation. Geneva: WHO, 2006.
Full citation: World Health Organization. Use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: abbreviated report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: WHO, 2011.
Full citation: World Health Organization. Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy. Geneva: WHO, 2013.
Equations
The two conversions, and who published them
Every converted value on this site is computed from these at build time. No figure is transcribed from another site's chart.
| Publication | Issuing body | Issued | What it is used for here |
|---|---|---|---|
| ADAG study (Nathan 2008) | A1c-Derived Average Glucose Study Group, in Diabetes Care | 2008 | HbA1c to estimated average glucose: eAG mg/dL = 28.7 × A1C − 46.7 (r² = 0.84, n = 507) |
| NGSP | National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program | current edition | NGSP master equation, percentage to IFCC mmol/mol |
Full citation: Nathan DM, Kuenen J, Borg R, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Heine RJ, for the A1c-Derived Average Glucose (ADAG) Study Group. Translating the A1C assay into estimated average glucose values. Diabetes Care 2008;31(8):1473–1478.
Full citation: National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) — HbA1c and estimated average glucose (eAG).
ಗ್ಲೈಸೆಮಿಕ್ ಇಂಡೆಕ್ಸ್
The feeding studies, and the tables that define the bands
A glycemic index exists only where somebody ran the assay. These are the only studies this site draws values from, and a food absent from all of them carries a blank rather than an estimate.
| Publication | Issuing body | Issued | What it is used for here |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indian J Med Res 2022 | Indian Journal of Medical Research (ICMR) | 2022 | Twelve traditional Indian preparations, glucose reference |
| J Food Sci Technol 2022 | Journal of Food Science and Technology | 2022 | Two South Indian breakfast foods; the paper published no per-food carbohydrate, so their glycemic load is left blank |
| Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020 | Preventive Nutrition and Food Science | 2020 | Two multigrain roti formulations, published here as one entry stating both values |
| Br J Nutr 2015 (rice review) | British Journal of Nutrition | 2015 | Published GI ranges for rice; the reason this site prints no single figure for rice |
| FAO/WHO 1998 | FAO / WHO joint expert consultation | 1998 | The origin of the 55 and 70 divisions drawn on the GI dial |
Full citation: Shobana S, Geetha G, Ramya Bai M, et al. Carbohydrate profiling & glycaemic indices of selected traditional Indian foods. Indian J Med Res 2022;155(1):56–65.
Full citation: Shakappa D, Naik R, Sobhana PP. Glycemic carbohydrates, glycemic index, and glycemic load of commonly consumed South Indian breakfast foods. J Food Sci Technol 2022;59(9):3619–3626.
Full citation: Nagaraju R, Sobhana PP, Thappatla D, Epparapalli S, Kandlakunta B, Korrapati D. Glycemic index and sensory evaluation of whole grain based multigrain Indian breads (rotis). Prev Nutr Food Sci 2020;25(2):194–202.
Full citation: Boers HM, Seijen ten Hoorn J, Mela DJ. A systematic review of the influence of rice characteristics and processing methods on postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses. Br J Nutr 2015;114(7):1035–1045.
Full citation: FAO/WHO. Carbohydrates in human nutrition: report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 66. Rome, 1998.
Composition & population
Carbohydrate per serving, and the Indian burden figures
Composition is a laboratory measurement of a food, not of a plate. Prevalence figures are survey estimates and are labelled as such wherever they appear.
| Publication | Issuing body | Issued | What it is used for here |
|---|---|---|---|
| IFCT 2017 (ICMR–NIN) | National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR (Hyderabad) | 2017 | Carbohydrate, fibre, protein and energy per serving on every food page |
| ICMR-INDIAB 2023 | ICMR-INDIAB, in Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology | 2023 | The 101 million and 136 million national estimates |
Full citation: Longvah T, Ananthan R, Bhaskarachary K, Venkaiah K. Indian Food Composition Tables 2017. National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad.
Full citation: Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, et al. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2023;11(7):474–489.
Review
How and when this register is checked
Each figure is re-read against its primary source and the check date is printed on the page beside it, in the same mono line, in the same position, on every page of this site. The month shown in that line is the month the check happened, and it is the same value the page's structured data reports as its modification date — a printed date the schema contradicts would be worse than no date at all.
Where a primary source has issued a newer edition, the newer edition wins and the figure changes. Where a figure here disagrees with its primary source, the primary source wins and the page is corrected. Send the URL.
ಮೂಲ.All publications listed above.each figure re-read against its primary source.ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಜುಲೈ 2026
The people behind these sites
Follow the build
This site and nine others like it are built and photographed by two people: Amit Sharma — behind the build; Geeta Patel — the poses, demonstrated. New work goes up on Instagram and Facebook before it reaches a page here.
Amit Sharma
@amitsharmaofficial
Instagram
Geeta Patel
@geetapatelnz
Instagram
Geeta Patel
GeetaPatelYoga
Facebook
Following changes nothing here — every page stays open, with no account and no wall.
